The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus

Lotfalizadeh, Marzieh and Ramezanpour, Negar and Deldar, Kosar and Mohammadnezhad, Mansoureh (2022) The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 25 (1). pp. 1-9.

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Abstract

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common problem in pregnancy and about 1-20 of pregnant women have GDM. Therefore, it is significantly importance to prevent and treat GDM. Numerous researchers have explored the possible risk factors of GDM. Vitamin D deficiency is one of these risk factors that has ambiguous results, therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and gestational diabetes.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in 2017-2018 on pregnant women aged 15-40 years with inclusion criteria who referred to health services centers in Mashhad in first trimester of pregnancy for prenatal care. Data related to age and BMI was recorded. Then, 5 cc of blood was taken from all participants to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. All participants underwent the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16) and Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significantResults: From 449 participants, 320 (71.2) had lower than normal levels of vitamin D that 68 (15.1) of participants suffered from vitamin D deficiency and 252 (56.1) suffered from vitamin D insufficiency. In addition, 7 participants (1.6) had the higher levels of vitamin D and 122 (27) had normal vitamin D. Among the subjects, 41 (9.1) developed gestational diabetes. The median of vitamin D levels within non-diabetic group was 22 ng/cc and 18 ng/cc for diabetic group, although there was difference, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (p=0.555).Conclusion: Although vitamin D level was lower in GDM patients, but there was no relationship between vitamin D and gestational diabetes and both groups had vitamin D level lower than normal range.

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